Thursday, November 8, 2007

PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION:

Verapamil is an inhibitor influx of calcium ions (slow channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist), which exerts its pharmacological effects by modulating the flow of ionic calcium through the cell membrane of arterial smooth muscle as well as in conductile and cells myocardial contractile. Verapamil reduced myocardial oxygen consumption in vitro, directly involved in the metabolic processes Energy Consumers of the myocardial cell, and indirectly by the decline in peripheral resistance (afterload). It prolongs impulse conduction in the AV node. INSTRUCTIONS: Angina pectoris, mild to moderate hypertension, supraventricular tachydysrhythmia. Prophylaxis of supraventricular relapses after electrocardioversion. CONTRAINDICATIONS INSTRUCTIONS: Hypotension associated with cardiogenic shock. Heart failure. Retarded AV conduction (second and third degree AV block); Phase acute myocardial infarction; Sick sinus syndrome. WARNINGS Pregnancy: Verapamil should be used during pregnancy only if absolutely necessary. Verapamil cross the placental barrier and can be detected in blood umbilical vein at birth. Heart failure: Verapamil has a negative inotropic effect that, in most patients, is offset by the reduction of its afterload (decrease in systemic vascular resistance) property without a significant degradation in performance ventricular. In clinical experience with 4954 patients 87 (1.8%) developed congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema. Verapamil should be avoided in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (eg, ejection fraction less than 30%, the pressure pulmonary top 20 mmHg, or severe symptoms of heart failure) and patients with a certain degree of ventricular dysfunction they are receiving a beta blocker Adrenergics. Patients with mild ventricular dysfunction should, if possible, be controlled by optimal doses of digitalis and / or diuretics before verapamil treatment. Hypotension: Verapamil can produce symptomatic hypotension in patients who are normotensive. In hypertensive patients, a decrease in blood pressure below normal values are unusual. Elevated liver enzymes: elevated transaminases with and without concomitant increases in alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin were reported. These elevations are usually transient and may disappear even in the context of the continuing verapamil treatment. Accessory bypass tract (Wolff - Parkinson-White - or Lown Ganong Levine-): Some patients with paroxysmal and / or chronic atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter and coexisting AV accessory pathways have developed an increase in conduction with anterograde across the way accessory bypassing the AV node, production of a very rapid ventricular response, or ventricular fibrillation after receiving intravenous verapamil (or digital). Although the risk of this occurring with verapamil hearing has not been established, these patients receiving oral verapamil may be in danger. Atrioventricular block: The effect of verapamil on the AV conduction and the SA node can lead to asymptomatic first-degree AV block and transient bradycardia, sometimes accompanied by rhythms nodal escape. PR interval extension is correlated with the plasma concentration verapamil, particularly in the early phase titration of therapy. Marked with first-degree or block the progressive development of second - or third-degree AV block requires dose reduction or, in rare cases, the judgment of drugs. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (IHSS): A variety of serious adverse reactions may occur in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-pulmonary edema and / or severe hypotension, sinus bradycardia, AV block and sinuses arrest. Most adverse effects respond well to a dose reduction and discontinuation of treatment is seldom necessary. Dosage and method of use: Doses of Isoptin as prescribed by the doctor should be taken regularly. The tablets (or halves tablets) should be swallowed whole with some liquid, preferably with or immediately after meals. Angina pectoris and supraventricular dysrhythmia: half a tablet every 12 hours. Hypertension: One tablet per day (preferably in the morning). If the desired response is not received within 7 days, the dose may be increased to one tablet in the morning, and half a tablet in the evening. The maximum recommended dose is one tablet every 12 hours. Side effects and precautions: Constipation, headaches, fatigue, palpitations, first and second degree AV block, block SA, epigastric pain, flushing, dizziness, hives and temporary skin rash may occur. Reports of people who suffer a worsening of arthritis, increased urination, burning gums, moderate and severe tremor of pain are known. Precautions: Breastfeeding: Verapamil is excreted in human milk. Breast-feeding should be stopped while Isoptin is administered. Using in patients with hepatic impairment: Since verapamil is heavily metabolized by the liver, it should be administered with caution in patients with hepatic impairment. Hepatic serious dysfunction extends elimination half for the immediate release verapamil at about 15 pm; Therefore, about 30% of the dose given to patients with normal liver function tests should be administered to these patients. Careful monitoring of abnormal prolongation of the PR interval or other signs of excessive pharmacological effects should be carried out. Using in patients with weakened neuromuscular transmission: It has been reported that verapamil reduces neuromuscular transmission in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, and verapamil prolongs the recovery of neuromuscular blocking agent vecuronium. It may be necessary to reduce the dose of verapamil when administered to patients with weakened neuromuscular transmission. Using in patients with renal failure: About 70% of a dose of verapamil is excreted metabolites in urine. Verapamil is not removed by hemodialysis. Until new data are available, it should be given with caution to patients with kidney failure. These patients should be closely monitored for abnormal prolongation of the PR interval or other signs of overdose. Interactions: Beta Blocker: concomitant therapy with beta-adrenergic blockers verapamil and can cause negative effects on the addendum heart rate, AV conduction, and / or cardiac contractility. The combination should be used with caution and only close monitoring. Foxglove: Chronic verapamil treatment can increase levels of serum digoxin by 50 to 70% during the first week of treatment, and this can lead to digitalis toxicity. Whenever overdigitalisation is suspected, the daily dose of digitalis should be reduced or temporarily interrupted. Antihypertensive: Verapamil may increase blood pressure effect of lower concomitant antihypertensive administered, and that often makes it possible to reduce the dose of antihypertensive, especially in patients on long-term treatment with Isoptin. Disopyramide: Until data on possible interactions between verapamil and disopyramide is obtained, disopyramide should not be administered within 48 hours before and 24 hours after administration of verapamil. Flécaïnide: A study in healthy volunteers showed that the concomitant administration of verapamil and flecainide may have additive effects on myocardial contractility, AV conduction, and repolarisation. Simultaneously with flecainide and verapamil may result in additive negative inotropic effect and the extension of the AV conduction. Quinidine: In a small number of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (IHSS), the concurrent use of verapamil and quinidine resulted in significant hypotension. Until new data are obtained, the combination therapy verapamil and quinidine in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should probably be avoided. There was a report of the increasing levels during quinidine verapamil therapy. Nitrates: Verapamil was given simultaneously short - and long-acting nitrates without adverse drug interactions. The pharmacological profile of both drugs and clinical experience suggests beneficial interactions. Cimetidine: The interaction between cimetidine and administered chronically verapamil has not been studied. Regarding the clearance variable results were obtained in studies acute healthy volunteers; Clearance of verapamil was either reduced or unchanged. Lithium: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between oral verapamil and lithium, have been reported. The former can lead to the lowering of serum lithium in patients receiving chronic oral lithium stable. The latter has resulted in greater sensitivity to the effects of lithium. Patients receiving the two drugs should be monitored carefully. Carbamazepine: Verapamil therapy may increase the concentrations of carbamazepine during the combination therapy. Rifampicin: Treatment with rifampicin can significantly reduce the oral bioavailability verapamil. Phenobarbital: Phenobarbitone therapy may increase verapamil clearance. Cyclosporin: Verapamil may increase serum levels of cyclosporine. Inhalation anesthetics: Animal experiments have shown that inhalation anesthetics depress cardiovascular activity by reducing traffic flow of calcium ions. When used together, inhalation anesthetics and calcium antagonists should be titrated carefully to avoid excess cardiovascular depression. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: The clinical data and animal studies suggest that verapamil may potentiate the activity of neuromuscular blocking agents (like curare and depolarization). It may be necessary to reduce the dose of verapamil and / or the dose of the neuromuscular blocking agent when drugs are used simultaneously. Symptoms of overdose known and the details of his salary: Bradycardia, hypotension, dissociation atrioventricular, hyperglycemia. Treatment is symptomatic. IDENTIFICATION: Light green, oblong Film with a single client online. PRESENTATION: Boxes of 30 and 100 film-coated tablets in bottles of amber glass. INSTRUCTIONS STORAGE: Store at room temperature (below 30 ° C), protected from light. Keep out of reach of children. REGISTRATION: V/7.1/280 Name and address of applicant: Knoll Pharmaceuticals South Africa (Pty) Ltd Corner George Road/16th Street, Midrand. PO Box 3030, Halfway House 1685

Isoptin is verapamil !

Verapamil is in a class of drugs called calcium channel blockers. Verapamil relaxes (widens) blood vessels (veins and arteries), which makes it easier for the heart to pump and reducing its workload. Verapamil is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), to treat angina (chest pain), and control certain types of irregular heartbeats. Verapamil may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide. What's the most important information I should know about verapamil? Do not stop taking the medication without first talking to your doctor. If you stop taking the medication, your condition could worsen. Do not crush, chew, or break the extended release forms verapamil as generics Covera-HS and Verelan PM. Swallow it whole. Generic verapamil SR, Isoptin SR, Calan SR and can be divided into two, but must not be crushed or chewed. What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking verapamil? Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you Kidney or liver disease; Other diseases of the heart or blood vessel, such as sick sinus syndrome, aortic stenosis, heart failure, heart block, Wolff - Parkinson-White syndrome, coronary heart disease, or low blood pressure; Or Muscular Dystrophy. You may not be able to take verapamil, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above. Verapamil is the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether verapamil be harmful to the unborn child. Do not take verapamil without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. Verapamil is excreted in human milk and can harm infants. Do not take verapamil without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. How do I take verapamil? Verapamil Take exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you. Take each dose with a full glass of water. Verelan, Verelan PM, Calan, Isoptin, Covera-HS, and generic forms of regular-release verapamil can be taken with or without food. Taking the drug with food can reduce stomach upset if it occurs. Calan SR, Isoptin SR, and generic sustained-release verapamil (verapamil SR) may be more likely to cause stomach upset and should be taken with food to reduce this side effect. Take Covera-HS and Verelan PM at bedtime. If you have difficulty swallowing the Verelan pellet capsules filled, they can be opened and the contents can be sprinkled over cold, soft food like apples. This mixture must be swallowed without chewing. Use the mixture immediately. Do not save it for later use. (Do not use this procedure to the Verelan PM capsules). Do not crush, chew, or break the extended release forms verapamil such as Covera-HS and Verelan PM. Swallow it whole. Generic verapamil SR, Isoptin SR, Calan SR and can be divided in half if the tablets are labeled, but must not be crushed or chewed. If you take Covera-HS, not to be concerned if you find what looks like a tablet undissolved in your stool. The medication is formulated with an outer shell that does dissolve. This package allows medicine to be released slowly into the body before being released into the stool. It is important to take verapamil regularly to maximize profits. Do not stop taking the medication without first talking to your doctor. If you stop taking the medication, your condition could worsen. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice can interact with verapamil. The interaction could lead to potentially dangerous effects. Talk of the use of grapefruit and grapefruit juice with your doctor. Do not increase or decrease the amount of grapefruit products in your diet without first talking to your doctor. Your doctor may have blood tests, blood pressure monitoring and other medical evaluations during treatment with verapamil to monitor progress and side effects. Verapamil Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. What happens if I miss a dose? Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take only the next regular dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication. What happens if I overdose? Search for emergency medical care. Symptoms of an overdose verapamil include dizziness, weakness, chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, an unusually fast or slow heartbeat, coma, slurred speech, and confusion. What should I avoid while taking verapamil? Grapefruit and grapefruit juice can interact with verapamil. The interaction could lead to potentially dangerous effects. Talk of the use of grapefruit and grapefruit juice with your doctor. Do not increase or decrease the amount of grapefruit products in your diet without first talking to your doctor. Avoid the use of alcohol. Alcohol can also lower blood pressure and increase drowsiness and dizziness while taking verapamil. Follow your doctor's recommendations regarding food made or exercise. Verapamil side effects If you experience any of the following serious side effects, and stop taking verapamil contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical care: An allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat, swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; Or hives); Anormalement fast or slow heartbeat; Shortness of breath (heart failure); Fainting; Odd behavior or psychosis; Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); Or Swelling of the legs or ankles. Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take verapamil and talk to your doctor if you experience Uncommon headaches, fatigue, or fatigue; Insomnia or sleeping disorders; Vivante dreams; The hair loss; Nausea or diarrhea; Or Frequent urination. Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. What other drugs affect verapamil? Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following medicines: Cyclosporin (Sandimmune, Neoral); Cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB); Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol); At lithium (Lithobid, Eskalith, others); Theophylline (Theo-Dur, Theochron, Theolair, Theobid, Elixophyllin, Slo-Phyllin, others); Rifampicin (Rifadin, Rimactane); Phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton); A HMG CoA reductase inhibitor such as atorvastatin (Lipitor), lovastatin (Mevacor), simvastatin (Zocor), and others; Or Heart of another drug such as propranolol (Inderal), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), atenolol (Tenormin), digoxin (Lanoxin), quinidine (Quinora, Quinidex, Quinaglute), flecainide (Tambocor), disopyramide ( Norpace), captopril (Capoten), Énalapril (Vasotec), and others. You may not be able to take verapamil, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring if you are taking any of the above-mentioned drugs. Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with verapamil or harm your state. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist before taking any prescription or OTC medicines, including vitamins, minerals and products made from plants. Where can I get more information? Your pharmacist has additional information about verapamil written for health professionals which can be viewed. What does my medication looks? Verapamil is available with a prescription and generic under the brand names Calan, Calan SR, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Verelan, Verelan PM, Covera-HS. Other brand or generic formulations may also be available. Ask your pharmacist your questions about this product, especially if it is new to you. Calan 40 mg -- round, pink, film-coated tablets Calan 80 mg -- oval, color fishing, film-coated, scored tablets Calan 120 mg -- oval, brown, film-coated, scored tablets SR 120 mg Calan -- oval, light purple, film-coated tablets SR 180 mg Calan -- oval, light pink, film-coated, scored tablets SR 240 mg Calan -- capsule - shaped, light green, film-coated, scored tablets Isoptin 40 mg -- round, light blue, film-coated, scored tablets Isoptin 80 mg -- round, yellow, film-coated, scored tablets Isoptin 120 mg -- round, white, film-coated, scored tablets Isoptin SR 120 mg -- oval, light purple, film-coated tablets Isoptin SR 180 mg -- oval, light pink, film-coated, scored tablets Isoptin SR 240 mg -- capsule - shaped, light green, film-coated, scored tablets Verelan 120 mg -- yellow capsules Verelan 180 mg--yellow/gray capsules Verelan 240 mg--dark-blue/yellow capsules Verelan 360 mg--purple/yellow capsules Verelan PM 100 mg-white/amethyst capsules Verelan PM 200 mg-amethyst/amethyst capsules Verelan PM 300 mg-lavender/amethyst capsules Seats HS 180 mg -- round, lavender, film-coated tablets Seats HS 240 mg -- round, pale yellow, film-coated tablets Remember, keep this and all medicines out of reach of children, never share your medications with others, and using it only for the particular required. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc ( "Multum ') is accurate, current and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by practitioners and health care consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not guarantee that the use outside the United States are appropriate, unless otherwise noted. Multum Information on drugs does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum drug information is an information resource designed to help health practitioners allowed to care for their patients and / or serve consumers viewing this service as a complement, not replace, expertise , skill, knowledge and judgment of health practitioners. The absence of a warning for a drug or drug combination in no way should be interpreted to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for the same patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information provided Multum. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions or side effects. If you have any questions about the medications you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.